{"id":77974,"date":"2022-07-21T10:40:58","date_gmt":"2022-07-21T08:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/?p=77974"},"modified":"2022-07-21T10:41:59","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T08:41:59","slug":"in-search-of-endogenous-proteins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/en\/in-search-of-endogenous-proteins\/","title":{"rendered":"In search of endogenous proteins"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"77974\" class=\"elementor elementor-77974 elementor-77952\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fa75c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fa75c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbb9cb7\" data-id=\"fbb9cb7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a446a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58a446a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>Johannes Broichhagen<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.broichhagenlab.com\/\">www.broichhagenlab.com<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af46249 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af46249\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e894c5\" data-id=\"9e894c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2382173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2382173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In his lectures, summarized in his book &#8220;What is Life?&#8221;, the physicist Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger described in the 1940s that &#8220;the course of life processes in an organism [&#8230;] [shows] an admirable regularity and order that in inanimate matter does not find its equal&#8221;.[1]<\/p><p>Almost 80 years later, we are still searching for the origin and description of &#8220;life&#8221;, and with the help of molecular biological (e.g. gene editing using CRISPR\/Cas9), mass spectrometric (e.g. proteomics, metabolomics), high-throughput Using sequencing (e.g. single cell RNA sequencing) and high-resolution microscopic (e.g. super-resolution STED and STORM) techniques, we try to put together the many pieces of the puzzle that have been found into a regular and orderly overall picture.<\/p><p>Scientists are not only driven by the most fundamental question about life, but in particular by the connections and causes in health and disease patterns in order to find better and safer therapies and medicines. A large body of knowledge has been created through the use of numerous biological model systems, but key questions remain difficult to answer, such as:<\/p><ul><li>&#8220;How many proteins of one type are there per cell?&#8221; and<\/li><li>&#8220;How are they spatially distributed at a given point in time and depending on cell activity?&#8221;<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>These are interesting questions, especially when dealing with non-model systems, such as biopsies from patients, that are not (or very difficult) to genetically manipulate. In order to get a deeper insight into the world of biomolecules, their interactions, localizations and complexity, our research group deals with the design and use of tailor-made probes at the interface of synthetic chemistry and applied biology in the research field of Chemical Biology.<\/p><p>Richard Dawkins summarized a scientific task in 2013 with the words &#8220;Complexity is a problem that any theory of biology has to solve&#8221;[2]. At the cellular level, this is a complex orchestra of mainly proteins, sugars, fats and nucleic acids that control each other through their interactions. Peter Kruse names different (better and worse) solutions for how to react to growing complexity and describes impressively: \u201cYou can simplify a complicated system by trivializing it by subdividing it. You destroy a complex system if you trivialize it.\u201d[3] So what exactly does this mean for our research?<\/p><p>We want to work as closely as possible to a complex biological system like the cell, and have formulated a few important criteria for this: (i) the investigation and manipulation of biomolecules in living (ideally primary) cells (ii) without the use of genetic engineering methods, which can lead to perturbations (iii) using non-invasive methods. The selection of the method determines the approach with a minimum of trivialization.<\/p><p>In contrast to other imaging methods such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence microscopy ushered in the super-resolution age by being able to circumvent Abbe&#8217;s law and has since experienced a revolution. Using stimulated-emission depletion (STED) or stochastic reconstruction (STORM) microscopy, cellular resolutions of up to 20 nanometers can be achieved (for comparison: a cell nucleus has a diameter of 5-15 micrometers, a globular protein ~5 nanometers). Both systems require the introduction of fluorescent dyes, and it is hardly a coincidence that the development of these was recognized with the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.<\/p><p>To label proteins specifically, fluorophores must be attached to a molecular scaffold that recognizes its target precisely. Traditionally, antibody-fluorophore conjugates are used for this. However, even with a certain size, these are not so suitable, and function mainly in fixed cells or tissues, i.e. no longer in living systems. We try to produce individually designed probes with modern synthetic chemistry, based on validated pharmacology of active substances and with the help of crystal structures. These probes find their target molecule specifically and can be visualized by microscopy through the fluorophore linked to them.<\/p><p>This all works without genetic manipulation, and thus remains as close as possible to the cell&#8217;s native system. Furthermore, the development of dyes is a central research topic, which goes hand in hand with the development of probes. To cite one example: the introduction of deuterium, a hydrogen isotope, into rhodamine-based dyes shows an improvement in photophysical and chemical properties; the chromophores are brighter and less prone to bleaching.[4,5] This also works wonderfully in high-resolution STED microscopy, which places some demands on fluorophores due to the high laser intensities used.<\/p><p>As a second example, the LUXendins should be briefly presented.[6,7] These are specific, antagonistic peptides that bind to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) without triggering a physiological response (Figure 1A). This makes them ideal as probes. Using bioorthogonal linker chemistry, these peptides could be decorated with dyes ranging from green to near-infrared. This enables the identification of this important receptor, which is pharmacologically targeted in the treatment of diabetes, and allows for a variety of exciting experiments. In addition to super-resolution microscopy, which resolved the nanodomains of this receptor, GLP1R could be found in various tissues, such as the pancreas and brain, and exciting single-molecule imaging could be performed, in which a receptor can be tracked as it moves on the cell surface (Figure 1B).<\/p><p>With the further development of such samples, we want to enlighten the fine orchestra of cell communication in the future, and for this we have laid a basis at the interface of organic chemistry and cell biology. To complete the circle with Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, the metaphor of his cat (Schr\u00f6dinger&#8217;s cat) is very well suited: you only know whether the cat is alive or dead when you open the lid of the box in which it is sitting. So we only know something about some states when you can look them up &#8211; and in order to be able to look them up, we are developing new and smart tools.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7c1f37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7c1f37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ddd49d3\" data-id=\"ddd49d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cee0cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6cee0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Bild1-Beitrag-Broichhagen-1024x582.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-77961\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Bild1-Beitrag-Broichhagen-1024x582.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Bild1-Beitrag-Broichhagen-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Bild1-Beitrag-Broichhagen-768x436.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Bild1-Beitrag-Broichhagen-407x231.png 407w, https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Bild1-Beitrag-Broichhagen-800x454.png 800w, https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Bild1-Beitrag-Broichhagen.png 1361w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-edd3964 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"edd3964\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc1e29a\" data-id=\"fc1e29a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e268bab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e268bab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong> <\/em>GLP1R labeling using LUXendin. A) LUXendin645 consists of a high-affinity fluorophore-linked peptide that specifically binds to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) and can be colored. B) Various fluorescence microscopy images of GLP1R using LUXendins, in cells, islets of Langerhans (a mini-organ in the pancreas), for high-resolution STED microscopy and for single-molecule imaging.<\/p><p><em>References<\/em><br \/>[1] E. Schr\u00f6dinger, \u201eWas ist Leben?\u201c Piper Taschenbuch, 1989.<br \/>[2] R. Dawkins, 2002, https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/richard_dawkins_militant_atheism<br \/>[3] P. Kruse, 2008, Interview im Rahmen der SCOPE_08.<br \/>[4] Grimm et al., JACS Au 2021.<br \/>[5] Ro\u00dfmann et al., bioRxiv 2020.<br \/>[6] Ast et al., Nat. Commun. 2020<br \/>[7] Ast et al., JACS Au 2022.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e30a784 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e30a784\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9726b5\" data-id=\"a9726b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8d0056 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e8d0056\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Foto-JB_300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78004\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Foto-JB_300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Foto-JB_300-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.cfmot.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Foto-JB_300-273x271.jpg 273w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Dr. Johannes Broichhagen (Foto: Silke O\u00dfwald)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Johannes Broichhagenwww.broichhagenlab.com In his lectures, summarized in his book &#8220;What is Life?&#8221;, the physicist Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger described in the 1940s that &#8220;the course of life processes in an organism [&#8230;] [shows] an admirable regularity and order that in inanimate matter does not find its equal&#8221;.[1] Almost 80 years later, we are still searching for the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":77954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,133,139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en-2","category-news-en","category-pharmaceutical-products"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - 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