(-)-Epicatechin

Plant-derived flavanol (-)epicatechin mitigates anxiety in association with elevated hippocampal monoamine and BDNF levels, but does not influence pattern separation in mice.Stringer TP, Guerrieri D, Vivar C, van Praag H.Transl Psychiatry. 2015 Jan 6;5:e493. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.135.***The local application of a flavonoid, (-)-epicatechin, increases the spiking of globus pallidus neurons in a d ose-dependent manner and diminishes the catalepsy induced by haloperidol.Alatorre A, Oviedo-Chávez A, Villalobos N, Ríos A, Barrientos R, Querejeta E. Behav Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;26(1-2):117-24. doi: 1 0.1097/FBP.0000000000000100.***Dietary (-)-epicatechin as a potent inhibitor of ß?-secretase amyloid precursor protein processing.Cox CJ, Choudhry F, Peacey E, Perkinton MS, Richardson JC, Howlett DR, Lichtenthaler SF, Francis PT, Williams RJ.Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Jan;36(1):178-87. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.032. Epub 2014 Jul 30.***(-)-Epicatechin improves mitochondrial-related pr otein levels and ameliorates oxidative stress in dystrophic d-sarcoglycan null mouse striated muscle.Ramirez-Sanchez I, De los Santos S, Gonzalez-Basurto S, Canto P, Mendoza-Lorenzo P, Palma-Flores C , Ceballos-Reyes G, Villarreal F, Zentella-Dehesa A, Coral-Vazquez R. FEBS J. 2014 Dec;281(24):5567-80. doi: 10.1111/febs.13098. Epub 2014 Oct 30.***The flavonol epicatechin reverses the suppressive effects of a stressor on long-term memory formation.Knezevic B, Lukowiak K. J Exp Biol. 2014 Nov 15