Product of the Month February: Cytochrome c
Cytochrome c is an important protein in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Consisting of a total of 104 amino acids and a heme group, which is important for its function as an electron transporter.
Significant for respiratory chain and apoptosis
The protein is localized in the mitochondria. It acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain. It transfers electrons from complex III (cytochrome c reductase) to complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). This leads to the formation of water and the creation of a proton gradient. This in turn drives ATP synthesis.
In addition to its function in the respiratory chain, cytochrome c is also an important component of apoptosis, i.e. programmed cell death. In cellular stress, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria into cytoplasm. Here it binds Apaf-1 and ensures the formation of the apoptosome. This activates the caspase cascade and eventually leads to cell death.
Versatile as a laboratory chemical
Cytochrome c is used as a laboratory chemical, for example:
1. Studies on the electron transport chain. Here it serves as a model protein for research into the mechanisms of electron transfer and the function of the respiratory chain.
2. Apoptosis research
3. Spectroscopic analyses. Thanks to its heme group and the associated optical properties, it is used in spectroscopic studies to investigate redox reactions and protein-protein interactions.
Cytochrome c is a versatile protein and essential in energy production and apoptosis. Its potential applications in research make it a valuable laboratory chemical.
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