(-)-Bilobalid

Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury are associated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator production and down-regulation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation.Jiang M, Li J, Peng Q, Liu Y, Liu W, Luo C, Peng J, Li J, Yung KK, Mo Z.J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Sep 26;11:167. doi: 10.1186/s12974-014-0167-6.***Bilobalide attenuates hypoxia induced oxid ative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via its antioxidant potential.Priyanka A, Nisha VM, Anusree SS, Raghu KG.Free Radic Res. 2014 Oct;48(10):1206-17. doi: 10.3109/10715762.2014.945442.***Bilobalide induces neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells via activating Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.Liu M, Guo J, Wang J, Zhang L, Pang T, Liao H.Cel l Mol Neurobiol. 2014 Aug;34(6):913-23. doi: 10.1007/s10571-014-0072-7. Epub 2014 May 18.***Neurodegeneration after transient brain ischemia in aged mice: beneficial effects of bilobalide.Schwarzko pf TM, Koch KA, Klein J.Brain Res. 2013 Sep 5;1529:178-87. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Jul 11.***Protective effect of bilobalide on learning and memory impairment in rats with va scular dementia.Li WZ, Wu WY, Huang H, Wu YY, Yin YY.Mol Med Rep. 2013 Sep;8(3):935-41. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1573. Epub 2013 Jul 8.***Effects of bilobalide on anxiety, spatial learning, memory an d levels of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors in male Kunming mice.Ma L, Wang S, Tai F, Yuan G, W