Cynarin

Antioxidant, antiradical, and anticholinergic properties of cynarin purified from the Illyrian thistle (Onopordum illyricum L.).Topal M, Gocer H, Topal F, Kalin P, Köse LP, Gülçin I, Çakmak KC, Küçük M, Durmaz L, Gören AC, Alwasel SH.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2015 Mar 20:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]***Artichoke, cynarin and cyanidin downregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human coronary smooth muscle cells.Xia N, Pautz A, Wollscheid U, Reifenberg G, Förstermann U, Li H.Molecules. 2014 Mar 24;19(3):3654-68. doi: 10.3390/molecules19033654.***Inhibition of P-glycop rotein-mediated transport by S-adenosylmethionine and cynarin in multidrug-resistant human uterine sarcoma MES-SA/Dx5 cells.Angelini A, Di Pietro R, Centurione L, Castellani ML, Conti P, Porreca E, C uccurullo F.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2012 Jul-Sep;26(3):495-504.***Blocking effect of an immuno-suppressive agent, cynarin, on CD28 of T-cell receptor.Dong GC, Chuang PH, Chang KC, Jan PS, Hwa ng PI, Wu HB, Yi M, Zhou HX, Chen HM.Pharm Res. 2009 Feb;26(2):375-81. doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9754-5. Epub 2008 Nov 7.